Group Decision Making - 2693 Words

According to the case study, the web design company is facing different issues in term of decision making, communication and managing information. This can be address by define key issues and outlining varieties approaches and possible solution that can be applied. Definition: Group decision making is member of people arrived at decision that is satisfactory to each group of member. Member of the group constantly make decision about how they should collaborate, achieve a task or choose new member. They are still individuals but their decision reflects relationships and mutual expectation. (Boddy.2008.) However the number of people involve in decision making will be varies greatly but often choices from two to seven, the group might be†¦show more content†¦Meeting room is the only room staff and mangers should be discussing and exchanging each other views and ides. If this not available, it will decreases the company performances. Staff up skilling: another individual decision making and technologies in work place is both software and hardware program that enabling or organizes day’s task. Technology now days increase productivity including keeping employees informed and help the company move forward but what’s so important than keeping employees to stay current. GROUP Vs. INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING Decision making can be affected by variety factors as both group and individual have their own set of strength. Group decision making can be very effective or can be very worse than individual decision making. (chron.com,2013) The advantages of group decision making have over individual decision making are: Regarding to the case study the key benefits to group decision making is more complex information is available to them, where mangers and staff needed to have agreements before the new update was offered to client. This decision making is both staff and managements, staff will be using their expertise and skills which means the key features they know about the new update and how this will be beneficial to the business. Involving employs and other mangers in the decision making generally leads to better decision making because greater knowledge,, experience or expertise of theShow MoreRelatedAdvantages Of Group Decision Making1072 Words   |  5 PagesThere are several advantages for group decision making. For example, George and Jones (2012) propose four main advantages over individual decision making. First, the availability and diversity of group members’ skills and knowledge give group decision making the advantage over its individual counterpart. That is, for specific d ecisions the skills and knowledge of each member within the group are pooled and the resulted expertise will be focused upon a specific problem to be solved. Relatedly, theRead MoreIndividual Decision Making vs Group Decision Making2832 Words   |  12 Pages‘Given the potential problems associated with group decision making, organisations should rely on individual decision making whenever possible’. How far do you agree/disagree with this statement? From the days when working conditions were under the strict rules of Taylorism, workers these days are required to be equipped with various soft skills and not to forget, the important value of teamwork. Organisations present-day depend heavily on teamwork. Questions such as â€Å"what strengths can you bringRead MoreCommittees and Group Decision Making5101 Words   |  21 Pages| Committees and Group Decision Making What is Committee? Committee is a group of persons to whom, as a group, some matter is committed. Its right purpose can result in greater motivation, improved problem solving, and increased output. Committees are prevalent in business. A board of directors is a committee, as are its various constituent groups, such as the executive committee, the finance committee, the audit committee, and the bonus committee. Occasionally, one finds a business managed byRead MoreDecision Making Of Diverse Groups3192 Words   |  13 PagesDecision Making in Diverse Groups - Namratha Murthy-nvm242 (Link Team) Malcolm ford said that â€Å"Diversity: is the art of thinking independently together† . Diversity in teams is vital to achieve effective solution where every team member brings in unique expertise that results in all-inclusive approach for possible solutions. In this process different sets of eyes with unique pair of glasses see the problem and solution differently from one another that creates a wider coverage range. In the articleRead MoreGroup Decision Making : A Case Study1032 Words   |  5 Pages Group Decision Making: A case study Kashyap Pd. Marahatta BUS 540 Organizational Behavior Professor: Shirley Chuo Westcliff University 11/10/2016 â€Æ' Abstract This paper will be analysing the case of ‘the outstanding faculty award’, which is adapted from a case by David J. Cherrington of Brigham Young University. It will try to show what problems in team likely cause the team in taking a wrong or ineffective decision taking the case of Brigham Young University as a base. This paper would also tryRead MoreGroup s Decision Making Process880 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Reflection Paper Group projects challenge students to not only accomplish a more difficult task, but accomplish it while working in groups. For this particular video project, I learned about my leadership style and the importance of enthusiasm when working in groups. Later in this paper, I will reflect my group’s decision-making process, dynamics, strengths, and flaws. The decision-making process went hand and hand with the dynamic of the group. Decisions were made by receiving input fromRead MoreBenefits And Problems Of Group Decision Making1649 Words   |  7 PagesShahida Choudhary Discuss the benefits and problems of group decision-making in organisations. Intro: definition Body: BENEFITS: The first benefit of group decision-making could be that there is a majority to influence; as the group can all discuss make decisions formally as a group they are happier. As decisions usually are not made until the group has formally discussed and made a decision, all members of group have time to make decisions and contribute ideas to meetings. Thus creating a positiveRead MoreFunctional Perspective On Group Decision Making1259 Words   |  6 PagesFunctional Perspective on Group Decision Making is the communication theory by Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran that focuses on the guidelines that groups of people should take to have an effective communication, to complete the task. Working within a group can become frustrating, coordination can be annoying and gathering people to make a group decision can be difficult to achieve, but Hirokawa and Gouran have set up guidelines to help make the process of reaching these decisions in an easier and moreRead MoreGroup Vs. Individual Dec ision Making2267 Words   |  10 PagesGroup vs. Individual Decision Making Business success is fairly uncertain but it helps when there is collaboration in the working environment. This means that inputs must come from all members of the organization because everyone has something to contribute. Inputs do not merely refer to raw materials but contributions of employees based on their opinions and suggestions about the company’s future or direction. Thus, the success of a business is not solely based on how raw materials are efficientlyRead MoreFunctional Perspective on Group Decision Making940 Words   |  4 PagesPERSPECTIVE ON GROUP DECISION MAKING WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON GROUP DECISION-MAKING Functional Perspective on Group Decision-making is a theory developed by Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran. Miller(2011) stated that both of them have an interest in small group communication, so they worked it put and produced this theory. They seek to understand how communication processes contribute to decision making and problem solving in groups. They come to a question, â€Å"Why do some groups make good

Alcoholism Example

Essays on Alcoholism Term Paper Your full full May 02, Alcoholism Alcoholism or Alcohol Dependence Syndrome is a type of chronic disease which is associated with excessive use of alcohol. â€Å"Alcoholism, also called alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction, is a destructive pattern of alcohol use that includes tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance† (Dryden-Edwards). Some of the main elements of alcoholism include craving, physical dependence, tolerance, and loss of control. According to Butcher, Mineka, and Hooley, a person suffering from this disease loses self-control at times, as well as creates various psychological problems for himself/herself. Some key symptoms of alcoholism include shakiness, sweating, neglecting home and job responsibilities, and uncontrollable need for alcohol. Researchers have proved alcoholism to be the major cause of violence and increase in the number of car accidents all over the world. A number of factors make people consume alcohol. Some of those factors include into xication, social influence, mental relaxation, nice taste, and decrease in depression and boredom. The level of intoxication associated with alcohol and the relaxation that people get through alcohol are two of the major factors that make people alcohol addict.Although stopping alcohol addicts from taking alcohol is difficult, but there exist some treatment methods that can be used to make people come back to normal life by leaving alcohol. Some of those methods include relapse prevention, individualized drug counseling, cognitive-therapy techniques, motivational enhancement therapy, and use of stimulus control and urge control techniques. The outcome of these treatment methods is positive most of the times as alcohol addicts start changing their life patterns by stopping or reducing the use of alcohol and alcoholic products.Works CitedButcher, James, Susan Mineka, and Jill Hooley. Abnormal Psychology. 14th ed. Boston: Allyn Bacon, 2009.Dryden-Edwards, Roxanne. â€Å"Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.† Medicinenet.com, n.d. Web. 02 May 2012.

Communicate Effectively to Improve Teamwork †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communicate Effectively to Improve Teamwork. Answer: Introduction: Ethics are the principles and morals through which activities should be commenced. Communication is the term which is used to define the process of transferring the information from one place to other. The process of communication plays vital role in the organizational structure. From one level to the other within the organizational premises, data is being transferred with the help of communication only. Communication for the organization is of two type i.e. internal communication system and external communication system; both are used as per the requirement of the situation. Effective communication process helps the organization to attain its goals and the objectives. Transfer of data and information is being done with the help of various sources in order perform the functionalities of the organization in an ethical manner. Goodwill and the brand equity could be determined from an ethical communication process. Enhanced and effective communication process will generate the desired o utcomes for the organization and these are the very crucial segment for the organization for attaining the goals and the targets developed by the management of the organization. With the help of an ethical communication process, an organization would be able to set up a unique link amongst the employees of the organization as well between the clients of the organization. It also helps the organization to maintain the adequate transparency between the clients because, till the time, clear and ethical information will not be provided to the clients, they will not show their interest towards the organization. Below in this report, various aspects and the factors in relevance with the ethical communication process will be discussed in order to attain the desired goals for the organization as well as to attain loyalty from the clients. As per Casmir (2013), teamwork is the process under which a single task is being accompanied by group of people in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives. Activities in the task are being segmented as per the talents and the interests of the teammates. Execution of teamwork activities in an effective manner is only possible when these activities will be performed with collaboration between the teammates. With the help of above technique, organization could notice the hike in their performance through comparing the outcomes before the adaptation of the ethical communication strategies within the workplace with after adaptation of these strategies. The team is the group of people gathered for the accomplishment of certain tasks with common interest and the people involved in a team, all are held with a different and unique type of talent which makes the process of accomplishment of task in an easy manner. The activities to be performed in a task are assigned on the basis of individual talent and capabilities in the team. From the assignation of the tasks to the accomplishment of the tasks, collaboration is very vital element because it helps the team to attain the targets set up by the management of the organization. This also enhances the productivity of the team and of teammates which boosts up the chances for growth and expansion. While tasks are assigned to the teammates, accountability and the responsibility also arise from there irrespective of the outcomes (Condei, et. al., 2014). Teammates are trained to perform the task in a group with collaboration, supportive behaviour for the other team members for the purpose of attainment of the goals and the objectives. This will reduce the chances of conflicts and the disputes between the teammates and it will lead to generation of hiked results for the organization. As collaboration and the support will enhance the performance of the organization, it also proves the effectiveness and the productivity of the team. Team performance is the level of efficiency achieved by them with the help of adequate execution of the tasks. It can be evaluated with the outcomes attained by the team and with the help of outcomes, teams performance could be analysed. The team is the group of individuals engaged in a group for the purpose of accomplishment of a particular task in order to attain positive outcomes (Crane Matten, 2016). In the team, varieties of information are needs to be shared with the objective to accomplishment of tas k. The process used to transfer the data within the teammates is known as team communication and it is regulated between the teammates of the organization. The interaction between the team members with the process is known as team communication (Weiss, 2014). Effective communication process has the potential to generate efficient results for the organization and with this regards to the effective communication technologies; attainment of the goals and the objectives becomes an easy task for the organization. It enhances the productivity as well as the efficiency of the team members because of the fluent flow of data and the information between the team members. Teammates and the team leaders need to take the responsibilities under which instructions and the roles given by the team leaders should be accepted by the teammates. The roles assigned by the team leader to the teammates should be done as per the talents and the skills of the teammates. It will lead to enhancement in the org anizational performance and it will also generate growth and expansion opportunities for the organization (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Another crucial factor of the team communication is the involvement of the teammates in the decision making processes which influence them to perform in an adequate manner. Involvement of the employees in the decision-making process provides various options to select one of the best for attaining the goals and the objectives for the organization (Trevino Nelson, 2016). With regards to this process, employees get motivated and a positive image towards the organization builds up in the employees minds. Effectiveness of the team communication could also be measured from the research conducted by the Intuits Quick Base, according to their research, involvement of the teammates and other employees in decision-making process influences them to enhance their performances which ultimately generates various opportunities such as gaining competitive advantage, expansion of the business in the global market, etc. for the organization (Galegher, Kraut Egido, 2014). Communication has the potential which can affect the organizational performance in positive as well as in a negative manner. As per McDuffee (2014), for enhancing the organizational performance, every team and its teammates need to take the responsibility in their section to perform their assigned task in an adequate manner. As every coin has two sides, one positive and one is negative, in the same manner, team communication process has two sides positive and negative. Positive impacts of the team communication are discussed above and the negative aspects of the team communication process are that this is the reason for generating conflicts within the workplace between employees, employers, etc. (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Due to different ideologies, decisions of the employees differ from each other and due to which, conflicts arise. Following are some of the components of team communication process which needs to be undertaken by the teammates: Effective Speaker: Speaker needs to be clear and fluent enough so that the actual meaning could be understandable by all the listeners. The mediums selected for transmission of the messages and the information should be ethical and effective. It is the duty of the speaker that one message should be conveyed at one time because conveying more than one message will confuse the listeners, as well as the expectations for the outcomes, would not be attained. Conveying more than one message will lead to inefficient performance as well as it will reduce the efficiency of the organization. Effective communication technique adopted by the organization is the key to success for every organization. Although, it leads to conflicts those are also effective sometimes, as they provide organization another chance to mold their decision for attaining better outcomes (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). Active Listener: Duty of an active speaker and of an active listener lies in the same path because, until the time, teammates and the other employees will not pay adequate attention to the speech and instructions of the speaker, till the time speaker will not be able to convey the message with the same understanding. Good listening capabilities make an effective listener as well it will lead to the involvement in the communication process efficiently and effectively. Disruptions in between the communication process should be avoided because it breaks the rhythm of the speaker as well as of other listeners too. Creators of disruptions in the communication process may lead to phenomenal misunderstanding between the teammates (Grunig, 2013). Communication has major impact on the organizational performance and as per the research conducted by Hassall (2009); it has been proven that effective communication process leads to development of good relations between the teammates, employees of the organization as well as it also leads to development of effective relations between employer and employee (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Team performance can only be enhanced with the help of effective communication process and it also leads to generation of desired outcomes. Team performance could be measured by the standards set up by the management of the through matching the performance attained with the standards built up by the management. Efforts should be made from both the sides because i.e. the more effective and advanced communication process is being adopted by the organization, in the same manner, employees need to develop their understanding level so as to match up with the performance expected from the managemen t. There is an inverse relationship between communication process and the performance made by the team. Active listening and the active speaking, both are the crucial factors through which organization could boost up the performances as well as the chances of attainment of goals and the objectives also rise (Kokemuller, 2017). Irrespective of the outcomes from the communication process, activities involved in this process should be performed with positive intentions in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives (Kreps, 2017). As the outcomes of conducting communication process in an effective manner could be negative as it leads to generate conflicts which decline the performance. Thus, link between the teamwork and the communication process is bit strong as it leads to enhancement in the organizational performances. Apart from these two terms, ethics also play vital role in enhancing the organizational performance and it also reduces the chances of arising glitches in the functionalities of the organization. If all the activities will be performed in an ethical manner following all the rules, regulations and the policies described by the management, negative impacts and the glitch in the functionalities will automatically be reduced. In the same manner, communication, team performance, and the ethics have strong relationship because all these terms are linked to the attainment of the goals and the objectives of the organization. Performing the organizational functionalities in an effective manner and accordance with the ethical considerations will help them to attain the desired goals and the objectives (Motivated-minds, 2017). Considering the ethics of the management should be considered on the priority basis and monitoring the performance also becomes an easy task for the organization with the help of consideration of ethics because the performance attained by the organization without consideration of the ethics will not be beneficial for the organization (Mannheimer, et. al., 2016). From the aforesaid discussion, it can be concluded that ethics and communication are crucial aspects of the organization in order to attain the goals and the objectives. Apart from this, team performance is another important factor for the organization. In every organization, various departments exist and for every department, a team is developed in order to perform the tasks involved in the particular department. For enhancing the performance of the organization, collaboration, coordination between the teammates is very important as these are the features which generate positive results for the organization. In order to make the better understanding in relevance with the ethical communication for business, various scholars research was reviewed under this essay in order to analyse their understanding towards the ethics, team performance and the communication process. Their importance, positive impacts, negative impacts, etc. were also discussed in order to make the understanding tow ards the study strong and effective. This assessment is being divided into certain parts such as reviewing teamwork, communication and teamwork and their effectiveness and the link between the ethics, communication and the team performance. References Casmir, F.L. ed., 2013,Ethics in intercultural and international communication, Routledge. Condei, R., Niculae, I., ?tefan, P. And Popescu, A., 2014, Ethics and communication in management,Ethics,14(3). Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016,Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization, Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014,Contemporary issues in business ethics, Cengage Learning. Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, C., 2014,Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work, Psychology Press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014,Quality management for organizational excellence, Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013,Excellence in public relations and communication management, Routledge. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014,Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility, New York: McGraw-Hill. Kokemuller, 2017, What is team communication, Assessed on 27th October 2017, https://bizfluent.com/about-5340885-team-communication.html. Kreps, D.G.P., 2017, Corporations and professionalism: awkward bed-fellows?,Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society. Mannheimer, S., Mannheimer, S., Young, S.W., Young, S.W., Rossmann, D. and Rossmann, D., 2016, On the ethics of social network research in libraries,Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2), pp.139-151. McDuffee, S, 2014, Learn how to communicate effectively to improve teamwork, Assessed on 27th October 2017, https://www.teambonding.com/how-communicate-effectively-improve-teamwork/. Motivated-minds, 2017, Team performance, Assessed on 27th October 2017, https://www.motivated-minds.com/services/team_performance.php. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014,Fundamentals of organizational communication, Pearson. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016,Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right, John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J.W., 2014,Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Violent Video Games And Violence Example For Students

Violent Video Games And Violence Recent mass shootings have made the public question the unclear motives of the people behind such destructive behaviour. Unfortunately, many individuals have jumped to rash conclusions regarding the causes of such events by linking violent video games with violence in the youth population. Even more discerning individuals have also criticized the role of violent video games in encouraging people to become mass murderers. With these opinions gaining popularity in the mass media, it has become the predominant belief of society to explain why there are more shootings recently. Such claims are usually driven by opinionated reasoning instead of scientific research, so it is much easier for the popular media to formulate such ostentatious theories. We will write a custom essay on Violent Video Games And Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This can be seen with professional bloggers, Lyndee Fletcher and Ralph Nader, who are adamant that there is an obvious link between violent video games and the recent mass shootings. As seen in their respective articles published in 2015 and 1999, the controversial opinion on the effects of violent video games have left lasting impressions on the public to believe that frequent exposure has created adolescent mass murderers. This only demonstrates that the predominant belief regarding violent video games and mass shootings over the past two decades is resilient despite the empirical research studies refuting their opinionated claims based. Researchers have tried to establish a scientific basis for understanding in society, but it still has not satisfied the search for the truth behind the mass shooters’ motives and actions. So in order to further understand the link between violent video games and mass shootings, I will further discuss the contrasting opinions of these profess ional bloggers and researchers below. Fletcher was a contributing writer to the movie review blog, Movie Guide, which adopts a Christian perspective to explain the effects of popular media on American youth. She accentuated the idea that video game companies should be held responsible for the actions of recent adolescent mass murderers because they have disregarded the violent consequences (2015). Fletcher reasons this belief by arguing that the adolescents responsible for these events shared three common traits. First, their life revolved around video games because they were addicted. Second, they enjoyed violent video games because it felt familiar and comforting. Third, they all had experience with first-person shooter and massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPGs), such as Call of Duty and World of Warcraft. So in other words, Fletcher is concluding that these individual’s actions are constructed from frequent violent video game exposure and an increased susceptibility to gaming addiction. In correspondence to Fletcher’s claims, a recent study of 1216 South Korean MMORPG players determined that aggressive and narcissistic personality traits are positively correlated with online gaming addiction, and self-control and interpersonal interaction are negatively correlated to online gaming addiction (Kim et. al, 2007). These variables were of interest because individuals with these characteristics are a part of high risk groups that are more susceptible to addiction of online gaming. In order to determine the relationships between online game addiction and these characteristics, data was collected through questionnaires regarding the participant’s demographic information and game use-related characteristics, in addition to 5-point Likert-type scale assessments regarding online game addiction, aggression, self-control, and narcissistic personality disorder. Through correlational design, Kim’s study suggests that certain characteristics, such as aggression, self-control, and narcissistic personality traits, serve as predictors of online game addiction. That is to say that individuals may be more likely to become addicted to online gaming because they already have these high risk characteristics to begin with, and not because frequent exposure to MMORPGs made these individuals more aggressive and narcissistic, and lack self-control. In addition to this, Kim’s study also suggests that individuals with fewer interpersonal relationships may have a relatively higher dependency on online games because it serves as an alternative to face-to-face interaction and communication for those that feel anxious or stressed socializing. For these reasons, Kim’s disproves Fletcher’s claims that an individual’s actions are constructed in more aggressive ways of thinking through violent video game exposure, because certain individuals have genetic predispositions that make them more susceptible to addiction to MMORPGs which result higher violent video game exposure. .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .postImageUrl , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:hover , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:visited , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:active { border:0!important; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:active , .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091 .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube5f11b9eeb8f60ff1fc214f78d07091:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Violent Video GamesIn a similar manner to Fletcher, Nader, who is a political activist, also suggests that frequent violent video game exposure increases the likelihood that children will become aggressive and destructive during adolescence because it decreases the children’s awareness to violence and the negative repercussions of violent video games to everyday functioning (1999). Nader references former president Bill Clinton’s meta-analysis of 30 years’ worth of studies, but does not formally introduce the study methods or findings, to demonstrate that this has been an ongoing issue in society. For this reason, he believes that gaming compa nies and parents are to blame because they enable children to become addicted to violent video games through their ignorance and a lack of control. Nader argues this by stating that gaming companies market video games directly to impressionable children by developing more interactive and enticing video games, which according to Nader are of the violent variety, that enable a sustainable addiction and fosters into aggressive and violent behaviour. Contrary to Nader’s beliefs, a recent study of 120 individuals determined that violent video game exposure has no effect on aggression at all (Engelhardt et. al, 2015). This experimental study randomly assigned participants with autism spectrum disorders and participants without autism spectrum disorders to play a video game of either the violent or non-violent variety in order to determine the effects of video games on behaviour. Participants then proceeded to perform post-game rating measures, word completion tasks and competitive reaction time tasks to assess their views regarding the violent content in the video game, aggressive-thought accessibility, aggressive behaviour, and aggressive affect to determine any probable correlation with autism spectrum disorder. The study concluded that violent video game exposure has no effect on individuals with autism spectrum disorder or individuals without autism spectrum disorder, and that video game genre has an effect on the percep tion of violence present in the video game. This suggests aggressive behaviour is not attributable to frequent video game exposure or on a person’s genotype. Therefore, this study disproves the Nader’s claim that violent video games develop aggressive and destructive attitudes during adolescence that influence behaviour because it isn’t attributable to individual differences in behaviour. As shown above, empirical research is an useful approach to understand human behaviour because it provides the opportunity to review information on from a scientific perspective. Paradigms are particularly useful when conducting research as it utilizes underlying theories and assumptions to understand everyday events from a myriad of perspectives. The biopsychosocial paradigm, which is one of many paradigms, suggests that the biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors interact together to explain certain human behaviours (Davison, 2013). In relation to violence and video games, there are several external factors that may elicit aggressive behaviour in people. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to become more susceptible to video game addiction, personality traits that are prone to exhibit increased aggressiveness, and a lack of familial support. This may result in a coinciding relationship between aggressive adolescents who happen to have frequent exposure to violent video games. Engelhardt’s research study is also based on the preconceived notion that genotypic and phenotypic individual differences may elicit differences in aggressive behaviour, but his study has proven this otherwise by demonstrating that instances of violence are not attributable to these factors. Instead, it is very likely that aggression is related to other confounding variables that may be associated with frequent violent video game exposure. In addition to this, Kim’s research study also expands on the psychological and social factors of the biopsychosocial paradigm suggesting that video game addiction is related to unconscious conflicts within the structure of the mind and interpersonal relationship difficulties. Kim suggests this because those with anxiety and social difficulties are more likely to satisfy needs for social interaction and communication through the means of MMORPGs. So in conjunction with Engelhardt’s biological influence and Kim’s psychological and social influence, these factors may be working in tandem to elicit aggressive behaviour in certain adolescents. In other words, adolescents may be more susceptible to exhibiting violence in the presence of certain biopsychosocial factors that affect behaviour. .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .postImageUrl , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:hover , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:visited , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:active { border:0!important; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:active , .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub756973c82345b0a05a91b67bd3f7a6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Violent Video GamesAs researchers have been able to test the validity and reliability of controversial claims, it is important to think critically when confronting opinionated statements about society. Since Fletcher and Nader have used their personal opinions to form rash conclusions, many researchers have acted upon their claims by formally testing it through empirical research. The research conducted by Kim and Engelhardt, for example, has suggested that aggressive behaviour and attitudes are not attributable to violent video game exposure, but rather only associated with it. A multitude of research studies have also reached this conclusion or some variation of it becau se it is very likely that there is no direct causal relationship between violent video games and aggressive behaviour as well. This only demonstrates that by equally valuing social opinion with scientific data, it inhibits our ability to think critically and creatively in the future. So it is important to question phenomena that we encounter on a daily basis to gain a better understanding of human behaviour.

Mothers, Children and Maternal Depression essays

Mothers, Children and Maternal Depression essays Is there a direct relationship between childrens developmental stages and maternal depression? Research suggests that childrens development can be adversely affected by maternal depression. A depressed person has more negative cognitions than that of non-depressed counterparts. Depressed adults have also been found to demonstrate negative self-perceptions in their cognition, including negative internal, stable, and global attributions of events, and greater memory of, negative stimuli. In addition, depressed adults show high levels of self-punishment and low levels of self-reinforcement and self-efficacy. Children of depressed mothers can be born with dysfunctional neural-regulatory mechanisms, brought on by abnormal fetal development caused internally by the mothers depression during pregnancy. Such abnormal developments are thought to be due the fetus exposure to neuroendocrine alterations, which are associated with depression, that may cause constricted blood flow to the fetus. So me abnormal fetal developments manifested at birth include tendencies to respond in a particular style or assume certain behavioral traits. Research suggests that we must examine certain aspects of the fetal environment that may correlate with depression in pregnant women. In particular, two factors may be possible mechanisms of this abnormal development: reduced blood flow to the fetus and poor health behaviors on the part of the mother. The first factor is reduced blood flow to the fetus. Studies show that in the third trimester of pregnancy, a maternal trait of anxiety is associated with impaired uterine blood flow. This decreased blood flow is associated with lower birth weights, and less fetal movement during pregnancy. Depression acts as a stressor, and maternal stress is related to increased fetal heart rate during pregnancy and low attention orientation and arousal for newborns. We are able to see that maternal depression d...

Responding to the letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Responding to the letter - Assignment Example Along with my background in health promotion, I have carried out extensive research into the matter, which I believe will aid you greatly. The recommendations that I have come up with are not merely based on superfluous assumptions; rather I have assimilated information regarding the various obstacles that are faced in health promotion and have argued the recommendations I proposed with reasons. This letter will cover the various aspects of empowering families living in Boston, USA, with little or no health awareness and equipping them with information regarding the health of their children. This letter will prove to be an instrumental tool in promoting the health of previously hospitalized diabetic children. The content of the letter has been organized such as to facilitate the achievement of your goals. To reiterate, your goals primarily focus on: 1. Provision of health information to families regarding diabetes as a constituent of their social education problem. 2. Involvement of groups and cooking clubs for encouraging families to make healthier meals for the children. Taking these objectives into account, the letter: Highlights the importance of social education and health awareness of families. Provides a comprehensive action plan for educating families living in Riyadh. Recommends the most appropriate location for the delivery of the plan. Explores ways that can be used for the involvement of cooking clubs and related groups. Looks into appropriate and effective marketing tools for promulgating the service. Sheds light into the costs associated with the project. Analyses the possible impediments that can be faced. Reviews the need to evaluate the project in terms of short and long term effects. The first section of the paper briefly considers the directives that have been adopted by the government for health promotion in the general public. Incidence of Diabetes in children and Government directives: In the USA, extensive research into diabetes is being carried out and the disease is not treated lightly. The incidence of diabetes is growing in the country, particularly among the younger population. It has become one of the most common chronic illnesses in children and teenagers in USA. Statistics report that more than 151,000 children and youth aged less than 20 years have been diagnosed with the condition. In 2007, 186,300 under the age of 20 were reported to have diabetes, representing about 0.2% of the youth in this age group (NDEP 2008). Usually children are diagnosed with the type of diabetes that is referred to as diabetes type I or juvenile diabetes. However over the recent years, it has been seen that some children are even developing diabetes type II, which was predominantly considered adult diabetes. In a study carried out between 2002 and 2003, the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, it was found out that every year in US, an alarming 15,000 children and teenagers are diagnosed with juvenile-onset diabetes. Moreover, the study showed that 3700 youth are diagnosed with adult diabetes each year. Although the occurrence of the disease in children aged less than 10 was low, it was seen that adult type II diabetes becomes increasingly common in children aged 10 years or more, especially in minority populations such as non-Hispanic whites and African Americans (NEDP 2008). Due to the rising incidence of the condition in the country, there are a number of directives that h

Theories of Power Transfer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theories of Power Transfer - Essay Example Survival is the driving force, thus, states must develop their offensive capabilities to increase their power. As a reflection of this selfishness, and to ensure their own survival, states seek to develop their offensive capabilities, or their military power, so that they can take over the territories of other states to increase their relative power. This means that their power is relative, that is, in relation to the other states (Fozouni, 2008). In the international system, the principal actors are the sovereign states, where the independent influence of international organizations, sub-states or trans-state actors is dismissed. Nationalism is important, while the importance of sub-national groupings or transnational ideological of cultural groupings are diminished. This theory has several key assumptions. Neorealism is based primarily on the assumption that mankind is selfish and competitive. It is not benevolent, rather it is self-centered. Its fundamental assumption is that the international system is chaotic and anarchic. Since the state is the primary actor, there is no higher governing authority to which they bow to. States must muddle through in their relations with each other, with no higher authority that can impose or dictate on any one of them. That is, there is no such thing as a world government. Furthermore, it assumes that sovereign states are the primary actors and not international institutions, non-government organizations, or multinational corporations. According to this theory, every state is a rational actor who will always watch out for its own interest and ensure its security. In the pursuit of its own security, every state will do everything to build up its resources, so that more resources will mean more power for the s tate. Their level of power will determine their relations with other states, and this level of power is in turn determined by its military and economic capabilities. Also, states are inherently aggressive, always seeking to expand its territories. This territorial aggression is only tempered by other states. However, this build-up will trigger an increase in the opposing state's security, which will result in relative gains only (Thies, 2004). In terms of the European Union, this means that the Community itself, is merely a gathering of sovereign states - an international rather than supranational organization. Thus, the decision-making in terms of economic, monetary, political, and security matters is still in the sovereign states. Ultimate authority and power will remain with the member states. Thus, the Community is merely a reflection of the desires of the member states to cede or delegate authority, which they can easily recall or revoke. The primary reason that the Community appears to be integrated is because the member states feel that this will serve their interests best. Neorealists view the Community of the future as a loose integration of the member states who have agreed to surrender or pool their sovereignty. Neoliberalism As a response to neorealism, the neoliberalism was born. Some label this as Thatcherism (United Kingdom), Reaganomics (United States of America), Economic Rationalism (Australia), Rogernomics (New Zealand) or Manmohanomics (India). Neoliberalism describes a movement away from the state control. In its pure form, this theory centers on